Warm Up 8 is due Wednesday, March 12, 2003 at 9:30 am.

WarmUp1, WarmUp1 Responses, WarmUp2, WarmUp2 Responses, WarmUp3, WarmUp3 Responses, WarmUp4, WarmUp4 Responses, WarmUp5, WarmUp5 Responses, WarmUp6, WarmUp6 Responses, WarmUp7, WarmUp7 Responses,

QUESTION 1: How would you define a gene mutation? Do gene mutations always cause a mutation in a protein? Can you list one environmental or chemical agent that might cause a mutation in YOUR DNA??

From Erica: Q1 = Gene mutation is a small-scale change in the nucleotide sequence of genes in a DNA molecule. If something changes in a gene's code words, the resulting protein MAY also change. One enviromental agent is ultraviolet radiation.
From Squishie: Q1 = a gene mutation is an error in the production of genes. if there is a messed up gene, it might encode a different message to a protein. i would say that most gene mutations would cause a mutation in a protein but probably not always, in most aspects there are a few sliders that slide past the rules. i would think that exposure to chemicals would cause mutations in genes. just like that movie Erin Brockovich those people were messed up because of living next to a plant that was causing deformaties.
From Mr. Psych: Q1 = I would define a gene mutation as a mistake in the replication of DNA. Sometimes it is caused because an extra base pair (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) is added or sometimes because a base pair is lost. This does not necessarily cause a mutation in a protein, but it is still the case most of the time. Mutations in our DNA happen because of agents such as x-rays (ionizing radiation), UV light (nonionizing radiation), and carcinogens (alkylating agents).
From ert: Q1 = A gene mutation is a small change in the DNA nucleotide sequence. I think that most of the time, when a gene mutation occurs, then there is also a mutation in the protein that goes along with it; however, I think there are certain times when a protein may not be involved. X-rays can somtimes cause a gene mutation. I believe that UV rays can also cause a gene mutation.

QUESTION 2: Three different RNAs are involved in turning the information contained in DNA into a 3-dimensional, functional protein. What is mRNA and what does it do? What is rRNA and what does it do? What is tRNA, and what does it do? Please study the figure on translation in your notes carefully!

From Jive Turkey: Q2 = mRNA is messenger RNA, it is a copy of a gene and it's function is to be the "bridge" between DNA and protein, rRNA is ribosomal RNA, and it associates with other proteins to form the ribosomes, and finally, tRNA is transfer RNA, it carries specific amino acid at one end and an anticodon region at the other end, the anticodon region binds with codon region on an mRNA, then the tRNA determines what amino acid is to be added to a protein chain.
From Labowski: Q2 = mRNA are Messenger RNAand they are the only molecules that carry protien-building instructions from DNA into the cytoplasm. rRNA are sructures upon which amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains and the catalyze chain assembly. tRNA deliver amino acids to ribosomes, where they basepair with condons in the order specified by mRNA
From Scorpio: Q2 = mRNA is the "messenger" RNA, it carries the instructions from DNA out into the cytoplasm.
rRNA is ribosomal RNA, it accepts two tRNAs and one mRNA.
tRNA is transfer RNA, it dtermines what amino acid is added to a protein chain.
From Ralph: Q2 = mRNA is messenger RNA. It contains the instructions needed to make protein. Also, all proteins start with an initiation codon and end with a stop codon, both are mRNA. rRNA is ribosomal RNA. It associates with other proteins to form ribosomes. rRNA is transfer DNA. tRNA determines what amino acid is added to a protein chain..

QUESTION 3: To answer this question, see Figure 13.7 on page 204 - or the same chart in your notes. If an error is made in RNA synthesis such that the codon GAG (coding for the amino acid glutamate) was mutated to GUG, what amino acid would be inserted in the protein chain? What effect to you think could happen to the overall protein strusture as a result of this 1-nucleotide change? For a real-life hint, see Figure 13.11 in your text - page 208.

From BASF Discette: Q3 = You would get Valine instead of glutamate, which is totally different. One result is Sickle cell anemia.
From rm: Q3 = GUG would replace GUG as Valine(Val). The changing of a amino acid can effect the entire protein chain. An entirely different protein will be made. This can replicate itself over and over. This can lead to disease and genetic disorders and death.
From Jo: Q3 = If the GAG had an error in it and was mutated to GUG, it would make the amino acid "val." I think that as a result of 1-nucleotide change, the entire structure of the protein would be likely to change.
From Nol: Q3 = Glutamate would be replaced with valine. This one little mistake would make a big difference and result in sickle cell anemia.
From Bean: Q3 = Valine would be inserted in the protein chain. This change could cause sickle cell anemia!
From Jess: I honestly have no clue, I'm a little lost on this warm up. :)

QUESTION 4: Comments on Exam 2? Any Spring Break Plans?

Q4 = im goin to Tennessee to get out of this weather.........go JAGUARS BABY with a capital J!!!!!!!!
Q4 = Spring Break plans include going to Florida, and competing in triathlon while down there.
Q4 = Yeah, I am going to Arizona on Saturday to visit my brother! I haven't seen him or my two nieces in 3 years so I am really looking foward to it! :)
Q4 = Exam 2 was such a relief! I studied about 99% harder for this one than the first one and I felt like it was cake! wohoo!
Q4 = For Spring Break, I plan on P-A-R-T-Y-I-N-G!!! =)
Q4 = I hope I did well!! Going to Bradenport and Clearwater FL. Cant wait to lay on the beach and get some warm weather and Sunshine!!!
Q4 = I thought exam 2 was easy which means i failed it.
Q4 = i'm going to amsterdam on thursday...yipeeeeee!!!!!
Q4 = Planning to get ahead on my courses over spring break, how boring can you get?!! Don't answer that!
Q4 = PUERTA VALLARTA!!!!!!!!!
Q4 = No real plans other than work, but work is taking me to Iowa, woopee, Iowa, there's so much more to do there than here in Indiana, except that all those things to do in Iowa packed up and left already.
Q4 = I never felt so prepared for an exam in my life! I studied my b*tt off. One thing I can say about this class is that I have learned A LOT and my brain and I like it! Spring break plans are to catch up on some reading for my classes and take my car out for the first time in months (if the weather is nice).
Q4 = I am going to Gatlinburg/Pigeon Forge with my boyfriend!
Q4 = Spring Break, I'm taking off of work, heading to Chicago for some shopping, going to the spa for the day, and they taking off to Arizona (where the warm weather is). I hope you have a good break! Maybe you'll have your baby then! That would be exciting!!
Q4 = GOING TO BAHAMAS!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Q4 = yes, im going to cancun mexico...im so excited!
Q4 = GOING HOME--FiInishing my wedding plans for JUNE :)
Q4 = I would rather make money than waste it, I am going home to work THE WHOLE SPRING BREAK!
Q4 = I am going shopping to find a wedding dress!!
Q4 = Better than the first exam.... of course, maybe that's because I studied a little better. Come on, I'm a poor college student who needs to WORK to make a living... what else am I going to do on Spring Break?
Q4 = Panam City beach baby!!!!!!!!!
Q4 = I hope I did well....DAYTONA!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Q4 = I thought Exam 2 went pretty well. For spring break I am going to North Carolina with my boyfriend to visit my mom and her side of the family. I am leaving early Friday and I am really excited!
Q4 = Exam 2 was much easier than I expected. I wish I had spring break plans!!
Q4 = Nah, I'll be hitting the books and working. If you all come back with tans, I'll be SO jealous!
Q4 = UMMM....ya, I plan to lay on the couch and NOT DO ANYTHING.
Q4 = I don't want to go on break, I want to sit in the lecture hall and study study study... Yeah Right! HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA
Q4: Spring Break Plans- Going to watch movies with clones in it!