N100 Exam 3 Study Guide
Exam 3 is Monday, April 12, 2004

Format: 50 question, 2 points each, MOSTLY multiple choice, some matching. There WILL be genetics problems AND most likely some figures from your notes. Keep on practicing answering those objectives until you can do them all! Remember: DON'T WAIT FOR THE TEST to find out that you don't understand something! If you don't understand a concept or a definition, e-mail me, go back to the notes, read the text, ask that study partner, look on google!

Objectives: Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Cloning, March 22 and 24, 2004
Ones in purple are the MOST IMPORTANT to study for the test!

1. Please be able to state 'who' these cloned animals are and why we are discussing them: Dolly, Polly, Cumulina, Noah, and Cc. Who is Ian Wilmut? (no, he is not a cloned mammal!)
2. Define 'cloning' as it relates to mammals. What is a more precise term for this procedure?
3. Describe the 'ingredients' needed to make a cloned mammal.

• What is the purpose of the diploid nucleus?
• Why is the recipient egg enucleated before the procedure?
• What is left in the recipient egg after e-nucleation and why is this important for the developing animal?
• What is the purpose of the electric shock?
• What is quiescence and why does it appear to be crucial to cloning mammals?

4. List three reasons scientists are interested in cloning livestock animals or research animals like mice, and two reasons scientists are interested in cloning animals like guars, and like cats and dogs.
5. What is the Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 2001?
6. What is human Reproductive Cloning? Who is pursuing this procedure?
7. Where do hES cells come from (specifically), and what are the 4 amazing characteristics of hES cells?
8. What is human Therapeutic Cloning and how does it relate to hES cells?
9. List 4 medical and safety issues concerning cloned animals.

Objectives: Human Chromosomal Disorders March 24 and 29, 2004

1. What is a karyotype, and how is this analysis performed?
2. What is nondisjunction?
3. Distinguish between the chromosomal alterations that are involved in the following human disorders:

• Down syndrome, Patau's syndrome, Edwards syndrome
• Klinefelters syndrome, XYY syndrome
• Trisomy X, Monosomy X

4. Distinguish between the 3 different alterations in chromosome structure, and how Cri du Chat, Fragile X, and Acute myelogenous leukemia occur.

Objectives: Mendelian Genetics March 31 and April 5

1. Know the definitions of the words at the beginning of today's notes

2. Be able to explain Mendel's original experiments and findings, including the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment

3. Know how to set up and analyze a Punnett square for a monohybrid and a dihybrid cross. For a dihybrid cross, know how to set up 2 individual Punnitt squares for each trait, and multiply the probabilities to get the expected probabilities for combinations of two traits.

4. Be able to work problems with monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. There WILL NOT be and Tri-hybrid crosses on the test~! Don't forget to do this week's Good For - Genetics Problems - worth 6 points ONLY if handed at or before the TEST!

Objectives Human Genetic Disorders and Exceptions to Mendel's Rules, April 5 and 7, 2004

1. Be able to discuss the difference between autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and sex-linked disorders. (Note: be prepared to do genetics problems with human disorders)
2. What is incomplete dominance? ie: human blood type. Why is this also called co-dominance? (Note: be prepared to do genetics problems with blood types)

3. How do modifier genes control traits such as eye color?

4. What is polygenic inheritance and how is it involved in traits such as height, skin color, and eye color?