N100 Exam 4 Study Guide
Exam 4 is FRIDAY, May 7, 2004

Evolutionary Theory April 14 and 19 Objectives:

1. Explain the contributions of Lyall, Lamarck, Cuvier, Wallace, and Malthius to evolutionary theory.
2. What is evolution? What is natural selection? How do they differ?
3. State the 3 observations and the 3 deductions that Dawrin used to formulate the Theory of Evolution .
4. Distinguish between artificial selection and natural selection. Give examples.
5. What is the Central Proposition of Evolution?
6. Explain the scientific evidence for evolution.

Speciation and Mass Extinction, April 19 and 21 Objectives:

1. Define a biological species
2. Describe allopatric speciation and the two main steps involved. Be able to relate this to continental drift.
3. Distinguish between gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium
4. Distinguish between pre- and post-zygotic reproductive barriers
5. Explain why many hybrids are sterile
6. Explain what a mass extinction is and descrivbe the most recent (do not memorize the 5 mass extinctions!)
7. Explain the evidence for the impact hypothesis.
8. Explain the evidence for human impact on a possible "6th mass extinction"...

Human Population Growth April 21 and 26 Objectives:

1. Distinguish between population size, population density, population distribution, age structure, and reproductive base.
2. Know how to calculate the net growth rate for a population, and how to graph the resulting numbers to produce a J-curve (worksheet)
3. Explain the factors that limit the biotic potential and carrying capacity of a population, including density-dependent, and density-independent limiting factors.
4. Explain how human population growth went from 1 billion in 1800 to 6 billion in 1999. Have a reasonable estimate of the population of the US and world.
5. Know how to interp ret how a country's age structure affects its growth rate.
6.Explain what the demographic transition represents - and where the US falls in this graph.

Human Impact on the Biosphere (powerpoint presentation; if you haven't picked it up yet, be sure to get it in class Monday May 3

1. Explain factors contributing to air pollution and acid rain, and the effects (direct and indirect) of air pollution and acid rain
2. Describe the effects on the environment from water pollution (groundwater and surface water)
3. Explain what biomagnification, in terms of DTT pollution
4. Explain the causes and global consequences of deforestation
5. Explain why forest fires are a necessary and natural part of the forest ecosystem
6. Describe the causes that have reduced biodiversity in recent years, and how human activities limit biodiversity
7. Describe the causes and consequences of global warming
8. Explain what 'patch size' is and how a decrease in patch size can decrease biodiversity (ex: I-69 to Evansville).

Plant Biotechnology, Feeding 6.3 Billion Humans Objectives April 28 and May 3

1. What are the 3 main reasons why GM Crops are produced?

A. What is Bt toxin, and what is Bt-corn? (please read Good For #13 as well)
B. What is RoundUp, and what does does RoundUp Ready mean? (Please read Good For #15 as well)
C. What is Golden Rice?

2. What percentage of corn, soybeans, and cotton in the US were genetically modified in 1999? in 2000?
3. What is being done to delay resistence of Lepidopteran insects to Bt?
4. What is the effect of Bt on non-target insects like monarch butterfly caterpillars?
5. What role do the USDA, FDA, and EPA have in the regulation of GM foods? Why were the StarLink taco shells remmoived from supermarketshelves?
6. Why aren't GM foods in the US labeled as GM foods?